It was concluded that structured reflectors are used at their largest benefit if they are applied in new concentrators designed for structures. Mechanical design of a low cost parabolic solar dish. Manual making of a parabolic solar collector gang xiao laboratoire j. Types of concentrating solar collectors your electrical guide. A vast amount of research is currently focused on perfecting each of these areas.
This can be either a heat absorber to harvest thermal energy or a photovoltaic cell to convert light to electric energy. Solar concentrator article about solar concentrator by. Jul 24, 2015 solar concentrators are devices that work on the basic principle of focusing the sun. Solar concentrators an overview sciencedirect topics. Design and fabrication of parabolic solar concentrator with sole objective to define future projects to save natural gas 29jul08 2rizwan masood. Unlike conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses or curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, highly efficient, multijunction mj solar cells.
Renewable energy resources, solar energy, solar concentrator. Solar concentrators are devices that work on the basic principle of focusing the sun. Greg schmidt, research engineer at the institute of optics, explains how light guide solar concentrators are designed to direct and concentrate sunlight in o. Concentrators work best when there is a single source of light and the concentrator can be pointed right at it. A box cooker is most effective when it is used like a crockpot slow cooking or low heat over a long time. A detailed discussion on how to set the dryer up for optimum performance. Then the light is directed into optical fiber through which solar energy travels into a small space to achieve hightemperature concentration. New type of solar concentrator doesnt block the view by michigan state university solar power with a view. Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 governmentapproved projects in the works. Thermal energy to power a stirling heat engine and photovoltaics are compared for the production of electricity.
Solar power is a conversion of sunlight into electricity. The increase in investment would be from 2 billion worldwide to 92. An evaluation of several solar concentratorbased systems for producing oxygen from lunar regolith was performed. In this type of concentrator, there are mirror strips that produce a narrow image which follows a circular path, the receiver moves along the circular way so that it can track the sun. Temperatures can get so hot that you can fry food or pop popcorn. Solar concentrators put one of these lenses on top of every solar cell. Intimately related to the concentration is the accep tance angle, that is the angular range over which radiation. Lowcost concentrating solar collector for steam generation by john dascomb a thesis submitted to the department of mechanical engineering in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of master of science degree awarded. This is ideal in space, where the sun is a single light source. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective solar concentrator john h. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the worlds energy needs by 2050. The cost per unit area of a solar concentrator is therefore much cheaper than the cost per unit area of a pv material. The largest compositetype solar concentrator, with a mirror surface of 20,000 sq m, has been planned in the ussr for a solar thermal power plant. In addition, cpv systems often use solar trackers and sometimes a cooling system to further.
Based on the analysis and comparison carried out in this overview for different types of solar concentrators, a practical concentrator for medium temperature solar applications should have good thermal and optical characteristics with acceptable mirrors reflectivity and effective receiver line absorbtivity. Solar cooking and food drying and solar stills and root cellars solar food cookers use an arrangement of reflectors to concentrate solar energy on a cooking vessel. Concentrator photovoltaics cpv also known as concentration photovoltaics is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight. Types of concentrating solar collectors your electrical. The principal elements of a solar concentrator are a rigid supporting unit and a mirror or lens part. In the present work the performance of pv solar module was improved by using vtrough concentrator system cpv which moved by. More than one hundred years ago black painted water tanks were used as simple solar water heaters in a number of countries. Concentration ratio is defined as the aperture area divided by the receiverabsorber area of the collector. The efficiency of solar concentrators can be improved with the addition of a dual axis solar tracker. Pdf performance of solar module withpresence of two types. Solar cooking with the sun 3 solar cookers are used differently. Pdf performance of solar module withpresence of two. An attempt has been made to classify different types of concentrators and its working by various researchers all over the world.
It was concluded that structured reflectors are used at their largest benefit if they. Design, construction, and test of a miniature parabolic. Unesco eolss sample chapters solar energy conversion and photoenergy systems vol. The basic design of several types of csp system is presented alongside their advantages and disadvantages. Zarza encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the concentration ratio of a ptc is the ratio between the collector aperture area and the total area of the absorber tube. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators for. It is conven ient to consider each component separately. The use of solar energy requires optimizing each part of a photovoltaic system. Solar concentrators rensselaer polytechnic institute. The concentration ratio is defined as the ratio of the area of the aperture of the concentrator to the area of the receiver that is reflected upon by the concentrator. The system is aimed at simple roofmounted situations, where the construction of full twoaxis type solar trackers would be inappropriate and expensive. Development of a compound parabolic solar concentrator to. Using the sun energy to heat water is not a new idea. Pdf for efficient and cost effective utilization solar energy solar concentrators.
This type of solar concentrator can collect a temperature of more than 800c, which is an innovative developing concentration technology. Reif department of computer science, duke university, durham, nc 27707 usa and adjunct faculty of computing and information technology fcit, king abdulaziz university kau, jeddah, kingdom of saudi arabia. Ray tracing software, digital close range photogrammetry and the montecarlo raytracing method have proven to be precise and efficient measurement techniques for the assessment of the shape accuracies of solar concentrators and their components. A solar concentrator is a type of lens that is capable of increasing the. Parabolic trough is also considered one of the most mature and most commercially proven technologies in the utility scale csp facilities mendelsohn et al. Types of solar cookers basically, there are 3 types of solar cookers available on the market. More than one hundred years ago black painted water tanks were used as simple solar water heaters in a. Sarah kurtz national renewable energy laboratory nrel in golden, colorado, usa. Based on the analysis and comparison carried out in this overview for different types of solar concentrators, a practical concentrator for medium temperature solar applications should have good thermal and optical characteristics with acceptable mirrors.
A solar concentrator uses a lens or reflector to capture sunlight from a wide area and focus it onto a small area where a photovoltaic convertor device is located. B solar and windpowered energy device exemption guidelines tax code section 5. Heliostat field collector hfc point 1001500 1502000 twoaxes parabolic dish reflector pdr point 100 100500 tracking cylindrical trough collector ctc tubular 1050 60300. Solar and windpowered energy device exemption and appraisal. Hi friends, in this article, i am going to discuss about types of concentrating solar collectors and hope you will find it useful.
In this type of solar concentrators, the mirrors are used to reflect radiation to the absorber plate. It is widely used as a reflecting solar concentrator. Solar concentrators solar concentrator is a device that allows the collection of sunlight from large area and focusing it on a smaller receiver. Concentrating technologies exist in four optical types, namely parabolic trough, dish, concentrating linear fresnel reflector, and solar power tower. Comparison of solar concentrators ari rabl solar energy group, argonne national laboratory, argonne, il 60439, u. It will also analyse on some of the existing solar concentrators used in the solar technology for the past four decades. This video demonstrates how solar energy can be focused with a curved mirror. Parabolic trough collectors are frequently employed for solar steamgeneration because temperatures of about 300 can be obtained without any serious degradation in the collectors efficiency. Solar concentrator article about solar concentrator by the. Msu doctoral student yimu zhao holds up a transparent luminescent solar concentrator module.
Mechanical design of a low cost parabolic solar dish concentrator. Concentration of radiation aims at increasing the energy density e of the radiant energy, in order to allow a better use of it. One important factor in the analysis of solar concentrators is the concentration ratio. The parabolic solar cooker or curved concentrator solar cooker concentrates the suns heat onto the bottom or the sides of a potsimilar to a stovetop. Us200404485a1 solar cooker concentrator of the box. Lowcost concentrating solar collector for steam generation.
Development of a solar concentrator with tracking system. The present invention includes a version in which electrical. It is quite simple in design and has a good concentration ratio. Parabolic solar collector ayush khare 1, sachin saxena, c h tyagi1 and sanjeev kumar1. Parabolic cookers 1 box cookers solar box cookers sometimes called solar ovens are the most common and inexpensive type of solar cookers.
Know more about the specifications and advantages of solar concentrators. And a solar concentrator oven can be used like a conventional oven. Aug 19, 2014 new type of solar concentrator doesnt block the view by michigan state university solar power with a view. Jun 08, 2018 solar ray collector with a circular concentrator it is a type of collector which has a moving receiver. I high temperature solar concentrators robert pitzpaal encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. This type of configuration is normally employed in solar power plants. A distinct property that it has is that it can focus all the parallel rays from the sun to a single focus point, f as shown in figure 2. An example of such design is the semi cylindrical parabolic solar concentrator. New type of solar concentrator doesnt block the view. Discover different solar concentrator technologies, including fresnel lenses, parabolic mirrors, reflectors and luminescent concentrators.
Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators for photovoltaics 4 ruption of the translational symmetry when the microstructured reflectors were introduced. The initial plan for a solar concentrator was to use semispherical surface covered with many small sections of mirror to form a. Solar thermal optical materials, heliostats, concentrator costs 1. Heliostat field collector hfc point 1001500 1502000 twoaxes parabolic dish reflector pdr point 100 100500 tracking. Solar energy conversion and photoenergy systems vol.
A generic concentrator see figure 1 consists of a concentrator entrance aperture area. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective. Solar concentrators, parabolic reflectors, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaicthermal. The trapezoidal porous inserts in the tubular receiver of the solar trough concentrator enhanced the heat transfer for about. Pdf for efficient and cost effective utilization solar energy solar concentrators are vital. This paper gives an insight into the design of concentrating solar power csp systems.
The systems utilize a solar concentrator mirror to provide thermal energy for the oxygen production process. The concentration ratio is defined as the ratio of the area of the aperture of the concentrator to the area. The advantages are speed and the potential to cook when it is cool outside. Solar cooker of the concentrating type, using compound parabolic concentrator type optics 2, 2. Current status of concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology. A parabolic solar cooker might be used like a stovetop by heating a pan or pot to a high temperature. By publishing this manual, the comptrollers office is making. Current status of concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology version 1. The design and performance of each concentrator will be explained and compared. Solar concentrator one or more mirrors or lenses that collect focus solar rays to increase the intensity of solar radiation. Solar energy conversion and photoenergy systems high temperature solar concentrators robert pitzpaal surface area. In order to help provide a rational basis for deciding which concentrator type is best suited for a particular application, we have compared a variety of solar. Advanced reflector materials for solar concentrators. The amount of solar energy reaching the earths surface is huge almost 6000 times more than the power consumed by humans throughout the world.
Solar collector the energy of the solar radiation is in this case converted to heat with the use of solar panel. Devices for concentrating solar rays have long been known for example, the incendiary devices of the ancient greek mathematician and engineer archimedes and the french scientists t. Medium temperature solar concentrators parabolictroughs. These box cookers have a very simple construction and they are made of low cost. Research team rizwan masood, student of chemical engineering department, uet lahore. Solar cooking and food drying and solar stills and root cellars. An additional 4 gigawatts has been deployed internationally. This makes much more focused light come to each solar cell, making the cells vastly more efficient. The objective of this research was to design a low cost parabolic solar dish concentrator with smallto moderate size for direct electricity generation. The paper also aims to show that implementing different types of reflectors in solar energy. Nov 25, 2010 parabolic trough solar concentrator 1. The solar concentrators used in csp systems can often also be used to provide industrial process heating or cooling, such as in solar air conditioning.
In general, a solar concentrator can be considered to be composed of three components. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators. A solar concentrator makes the use of lenses to focus solar energy at one place to increase the efficiency of solar panels. Any work to improve the performance of the solar modules could add to their economic competitiveness against fossil fuels. A number of innovative designs have been developed. It is important to note that with a single collector, it is always possible to.
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